You can't raise retirement age. Reality is that When people get older, some simply cannot work. Also, if you are in your 60''s and lose a job, it is a simple fact that your chances of getting another job are slim to none.
Currently, when people make over $100,000 they only pay tax on the first $100,000. If they make $300,000, they still only pay social security tax on the first $100,000. So yes, it only makes sense for those making over that should pay social security tax on all their income, just like the rest of us if they expect to draw that money in retirement..
As for means testing, social security doesn't pay a lot. It is barely enough to survive on. If you are retired, getting a pension, and also making a couple hundred thousand a year in investment income, I don't think you will suffer if you don't get social security. Social security is part of the social safety net. It used to be that people would have a pension, and social security would be a supplement. Pensions are all but dead, so more and more people rely on social security.
We also need to look at the other social security payouts. Like payments to children when a parent dies. Yes, in some cases it should be done, but again, it needs to be means tested. If the family is well off, there is no reason for payments to survivors.
Currently, people who are disabled and children who are permanently disabled and end up in the foster care system are supported by social security. That is wrong. That needs to be handled some other way.
I did volunteer work with children who were seriously disabled. could not speak and some were non-responsive. Their parents put them in an institution and Social Security pays for them because they are disabled. Sad for sure, but again, I don't think that social security should be covering this. There is a need for some way of society to care for these people, but the social security system really can't do it all.