The federal government does not really have a debt problem. The so-called national debt is the net sum of all annual federal budget deficits since George Washington’s first year. But why is it a debt?
To simplify the discussion, we will ignore foreign trade. When the government repairs a bridge, it orders goods and services and pays with dollars. Eventually, all the money ripples through the economy and becomes the income of individuals. After consumption spending, the dollars remaining with individuals will be either taxed or saved. The public has savings only because it was not taxed enough.
If the government doesn’t tax enough, it will have a deficit equal to the public’s savings. Without the deficit, there would be no private savings. If every annual budget since George Washington had been balanced, cashless consumers would now be bartering for food, shelter, and clothing. The national debt is equal to the financial assets of the public. Deficits and the national debt are good for the public!
To see whether the national debt has to be “paid”, we have to ask: “Where did the government get the dollars to fix the bridge?” Some, but not all, was found in the Treasury. Compelled by a stupid law, the government has to borrow from the private sector via bond auctions to pay for the deficit. So, the national debt is not only equal to the financial assets of the private sector but is also equal to the total of outstanding bonds. In fact, due to our inequality of wealth, a large part of the national debt is held by wealthy individuals in the form of Treasury bonds. Of course, our pension funds also have these bonds.
As bonds mature, the government redeems them with a check. Since the Fed buys bonds every day with keyboards that create money out of thin air, the government has no problem writing the check. The national debt can be “paid” any time with no problem.
The only problem is the debt interest expense. Due to the high interest rates that result from bond auctions, the interest can be a considerable portion of the annual budget. The cure for the budget problem is to create the money for the deficit out of thin air with keyboards instead of holding a bond auction. If individuals want bonds to park their money, the Treasury could sell them at a lower interest rate, probably less than the rate of inflation. That would keep the interest expense low.
Did you say “Inflation”? Yes, if we either print or borrow too much money, harmful inflation will result. Printing increases the money supply directly while borrowing moves money from the inactive savings of the bond-buyers to active investment by the government with the same inflationary effect. But borrowing is much more inflationary than printing because the bond interest payments plus the bond redemption check may also be added to the money supply.
So we have no debt problem but only a budget problem which is due to that stupid law that requires borrowing to finance a deficit. That law is a bribery-induced scam that has fraudulently redistributed trillions of the middle class taxpayers’ wealth to the rich. That law is the cause of our inequality, poverty, and debt. Let’s end the scam and the budget problem. Print the damn money!